CV vs. Resume in the US: Key Differences & When to Use Each

Heard the terms “CV” and “Resume” thrown around and felt a bit confused? You’re not alone! Especially when applying for jobs in the United States, knowing the difference – and which one you actually need – is crucial.

Let’s clear things up so you can confidently submit the right document for your next job application in the US.

What is a Resume (in the US)?

Think of a Resume as your professional highlight reel. It’s a concise summary of your skills, experience, and education, tailored specifically to the job you’re applying for.

• Purpose: To quickly show a potential employer why you’re a great fit for a specific role.
• Length: Typically one page, sometimes two pages for very experienced professionals.
• Content: Focuses on relevant work history, key skills, accomplishments, and education. It’s selective – you don’t include everything you’ve ever done.
• When to Use: For almost all job applications in the private sector, non-profit organizations, and many government positions within the United States.

Your goal with a resume is to make a strong, immediate impression and secure an interview.

What is a CV (Curriculum Vitae) (in the US)?

In the US, a Curriculum Vitae (CV) is a much more detailed and comprehensive document than a resume. It provides a full history of your academic and professional credentials.

• Purpose: To present a thorough record of your academic background, research, publications, presentations, affiliations, and other scholarly or professional achievements.
• Length: Can be much longer than a resume – often 3+ pages, and it grows throughout your career. There’s generally no upper page limit.
• Content: Includes detailed information on education, research experience, teaching experience, publications, presentations, grants, fellowships, professional affiliations, licenses, awards, etc.
• When to Use: Primarily used for positions in academia (like university faculty roles), scientific research, and sometimes in medical fields within the US. It’s also common when applying for grants, fellowships, or positions outside the US (where the term “CV” is often used synonymously with what Americans call a “resume”).

Key Differences at a Glance

So, Which One Do You Need for US Jobs?

Here’s the simple answer:

For the vast majority of jobs in the United States, you need a RESUME.

Unless you are applying for a position as a university professor, a scientific researcher, or in certain medical fields where a detailed academic history is expected, you should focus on creating a strong, tailored resume.

Rule of Thumb:

• If the job posting asks for a “Resume,” send a resume.
• If the job posting asks for a “CV” and it’s an academic, research, or medical role in the US, send a US-style CV.
• If the job posting doesn’t specify and it’s a standard industry job in the US, send a resume.
• If applying internationally, research the standard practice for that country – often, they use the term “CV” for what Americans call a resume.

Crafting the Right Document

Now that you know the difference, you can focus on creating the right document for your job search. Whether you need a concise, impactful resume or a comprehensive CV, getting the format and content right is key.

Need help getting started? ThePerfectCV offers easy-to-use templates designed for creating professional resumes that stand out to US employers. You can choose a style, fill in your details, and even get AI-powered suggestions to make your resume shine.

Focus on building that winning resume (or CV, if needed!) and land that interview. Good luck!